2-AMINO-4-NITROPHENOL
Hair Colorant
Also listed as
1-HYDROXY-2-AMINO-4-NITROBENZENE; 4-NITRO-2-AMINO-1-HYDROXYBENZENE; P-NITRO-O-AMINOPHENOL; 5-NITRO-2-HYDROXYANILINE; PHENOL, 2-AMINO-4-NITRO-; 1-AMINO-2-HYDROXY-5-NITROBENZENE; 1-HYDROXY-2-AMINO-4-NITROBENZENE; 2-AMINO-4-NITROFENOL (CZECH) ; 2-HYDROXY-5-NITROANILINE; 3-AMINO-4-HYDROXYNITROBENZENE; 4-NITRO-2-AMINOFENOL (CZECH)
Given the incomplete information made available by companies and the government, EWG provides additional information on personal care product ingredients from the published scientific literature. The chart below indicates that research studies have found that exposure to this ingredient -- not the products containing it -- caused the indicated health effect(s) in the studies reviewed by Skin Deep researchers. Actual health risks, if any, will vary based on the level of exposure to the ingredient and individual susceptibility -- information not available in Skin Deep.
| This ingredient: | |
 | Cancer |
 | Developmental/reproductive toxicity |
 | Restrictions & warnings |
| Allergies/immunotoxicity |
| Contamination concerns |
 | Other moderate concerns for this ingredient: Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive) |
| Lesser or emerging concerns for this ingredient: Neurotoxicity, Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Data gaps |
About 2-AMINO-4-NITROPHENOL: 2-Amino-4-Nitrophenol is the hair colorant.
Restrictions & warnings
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Violation of government restrictions - Banned or found unsafe for use in cosmetics | Canada - Prohibited and Restricted Cosmetics Ingredients | |
| Violation of government restrictions - Banned or found unsafe for use in cosmetics | European Union - Banned or Restricted in Cosmetics |
Cancer
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series 1988 | |
| show more | ||
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| One or more animal studies show sense organ effects at low doses | products for use around the eyes, mouth, or lips | RTECS®- "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J 1986 |
| show more | ||
Neurotoxicity
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| One or more animal studies show brain, nervous system, or behavioral effects at high doses | RTECS®- Food and Cosmetics Toxicology 1977 |
Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| One or more animal studies show skin irritation at high doses | RTECS®- Food and Cosmetics Toxicology 1977 |
Data gaps
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Not assessed for safety in cosmetics by industry panel | ||
| 19 studies in PubMed science library may include information on the toxicity of this chemical see search results -> | PubMed |
Government, industry, academic studies and classifications
| government/industry list/academic study | appears on list as | classification(s) |
| Canada - Prohibited and Restricted Cosmetics Ingredients | 2-AMINO-4-NITROPHENOL | •Prohibited from use in Canadian cosmetics |
| European Union - Banned or Restricted in Cosmetics | 2-AMINO.4-NITROPHENOL | •Prohibited in EU cosmetics: must not form part of the composition of cosmetic products |
| Int'l Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Carcinogens | 2-AMINO-4-NITROPHENOL | •IARC Group 3 (no cancer link) |
| RTECS®- "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J 1986 | 2-AMINO-4-NITROPHENOL | • sense organ - Primary eye irritant (rabbit ) |
| RTECS®- Chemical Mutagens 1983 | 2-AMINO-4-NITROPHENOL | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Chemical Mutagens 1983 | 2-AMINO-4-NITROPHENOL | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2001 | 2-AMINO-4-NITROPHENOL | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Morphological Transform (mouse fbr) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2004 | 2-AMINO-4-NITROPHENOL | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2001 | 2-AMINO-4-NITROPHENOL | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Morphological Transform (mouse fbr) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2004 | 2-AMINO-4-NITROPHENOL | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Food and Cosmetics Toxicology 1977 | 2-AMINO-4-NITROPHENOL | • brain, nervous system, or behavioral effect - Ataxia (rat LD50) • skin - Hair (rat LD50) • brain, nervous system, or behavioral effect - Somnolence (general depressed activity) (rat LD50) |
| RTECS®- Genetica Polonica 1985 | 2-AMINO-4-NITROPHENOL | • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (mouse LD50) |
| RTECS®- Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya 1981 | 2-AMINO-4-NITROPHENOL | • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (mouse LD50) |
| RTECS®- Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 1977 | 2-AMINO-4-NITROPHENOL | • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (rat LD50) |
| RTECS®- Medycyna Doswiadczalna i Mikrobiologia 1979 | 2-AMINO-4-NITROPHENOL | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Phage Inhibition Capacity (Escherichia coli ) |
| RTECS®- Medycyna Doswiadczalna i Mikrobiologia 1979 | 2-AMINO-4-NITROPHENOL | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Phage Inhibition Capacity (Escherichia coli ) |
| RTECS®- Mutagenesis 2004 | 2-AMINO-4-NITROPHENOL | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service | 2-AMINO-4-NITROPHENOL | • cancer - kidney or renal system neoplasms (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series 1988 | 2-AMINO-4-NITROPHENOL | • liver - Changes in liver weight (mouse TDLo) • kidney or renal system - Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular (rat TDLo) • cancer - endocrine system neoplasms (rat TDLo) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (hamster ovr) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange (hamster ovr) |
| RTECS®- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1975 | 2-AMINO-4-NITROPHENOL | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1975 | 2-AMINO-4-NITROPHENOL | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
references
| government/industry list/academic study | reference |
| Canada - Prohibited and Restricted Cosmetics Ingredients | Health Canada. 2007. List of Prohibited and Restricted Cosmetic Ingredients. Canada's Cosmetic Ingredient Hotlist. March 2007. |
| European Union - Banned or Restricted in Cosmetics | EC (European Commission of the European Union). 1999-2006. Enterprise Directorate-General Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics. The rules governing cosmetic products in the European Union, Volume 1, "Cosmetics legislation." |
| Int'l Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Carcinogens | IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). 2008. Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity to Humans, as evaluated in IARC Monographs Volumes 1-99 (a total of 935 agents, mixtures and exposures). |
| RTECS®- "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J 1986 | RTECS®- "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986 -,674,1986 |
| RTECS®- Chemical Mutagens 1983 | RTECS®- Chemical Mutagens. Principles and Methods for Their Detection. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) V.1- 1971- 8,151,1983 |
| RTECS®- Chemical Mutagens 1983 | RTECS®- Chemical Mutagens. Principles and Methods for Their Detection. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) V.1- 8,151,1983 |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2001 | RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987- 37,231,2001 |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2004 | RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987- 44,329,2004 |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2001 | RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 37,231,2001 |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2004 | RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 44,329,2004 |
| RTECS®- Food and Cosmetics Toxicology 1977 | RTECS®- Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7. 15,607,1977 |
| RTECS®- Genetica Polonica 1985 | RTECS®- Genetica Polonica. (Ars Polona, POB 1001, 00-068 Warsaw 1, Poland) V.1- 1960- 26,109,1985 |
| RTECS®- Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya 1981 | RTECS®- Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI 25(8),50,1981 |
| RTECS®- Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 1977 | RTECS®- Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (Hemisphere Pub., 1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1975/76- 2,657,1977 |
| RTECS®- Medycyna Doswiadczalna i Mikrobiologia 1979 | RTECS®- Medycyna Doswiadczalna i Mikrobiologia. For English translation, see EXMMAV. (Ars Polona, POB 1001, 00-068 Warsaw 1, Poland) V.1- 1949- 31,11,1979 |
| RTECS®- Medycyna Doswiadczalna i Mikrobiologia 1979 | RTECS®- Medycyna Doswiadczalna i Mikrobiologia. For English translation, see EXMMAV. (Ars Polona, POB 1001, 00-068 Warsaw 1, Poland) V.1- 31,11,1979 |
| RTECS®- Mutagenesis 2004 | RTECS®- Mutagenesis. (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 20,105,2004 |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service | RTECS®- National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. PB89-128623/AS |
| RTECS®- National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series 1988 | RTECS®- National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- NTP-TR-339,1988 |
| RTECS®- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1975 | RTECS®- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. (National Academy of Sciences, Printing & Pub. Office, 2101 Constitution Ave., Washington, DC 20418) V.1- 1915- 72,2423,1975 |
| RTECS®- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1975 | RTECS®- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. (National Academy of Sciences, Printing & Pub. Office, 2101 Constitution Ave., Washington, DC 20418) V.1- 72,2423,1975 |
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